Special Issues/Other

November 2002
Is There a Muslim Foreign Policy? The Case of the Caspian
by Brenda Shaffer
"If Islam is the defining force in a Muslim-populated state, then, like Samson, these states should be willing to make significant material sacrifices and take security risks to promote their religious beliefs. That has not been the case in the Muslim-dominated nations in the Caspian region."

November 2002
Political Islam in Southeast Asia
by Scott B. MacDonald and Jonathan Lemco
"Significant differences exist between the Islamic revivalist movements looking to cultural and spiritual renewal that have swept Southeast Asia in recent years and transnational terrorist networks. Between these two extremes are political parties and groups seeking greater autonomy or secession of predominantly Islamic regions."or secession of predominantly Islamic regions."

April 2002
Terror: Measuring the Cost, Calculating the Response
by Frank C. Schuller and Thomas D. Grant
"The perplexity for the West lies in dealing with aggressors who hold values contrary to its own. . . . Congruent with their own views but in jarring discord with the West, terrorists invoke eternity and apocalypse, rather than the language and tactics of conventional political debate or economic competition."

March 2002
United States Energy Policy during the 1990s
by Paul L. Joskow
"The good performance of energy markets during the seven or eight years following the Gulf War masked many continuing and emerging energy policy challenges that derive from larger domestic and foreign policy issues. The changes in world oil, domestic natural gas, and electricity markets in 1999 and especially 2000 likely reflect the effects of ignoring some of these challenges."

March 2002
Energy Resources and Uses: A Global Primer for the Twenty-First Century
by Vaclav Smil
"Any realistic appraisal of global energy futures must begin with a comprehensive and balanced understanding of resources and their uses. What are the kinds and magnitudes of energy stores and flows available to supply the world's still-growing needs for fuels and electricity? And what is the intensity and pattern of their use?"

March 2002
Rebuilding Afghanistan
by Marina Ottaway and Anatol Lieven
"In the past several decades, the international community has relied on three approaches to deal with countries that descend into chaos. It has supported strongmen capable of reimposing order by force; it has given up in despair, leaving the country to sort out its problems as best it can; and, most recently, it has embarked on ambitious projects to reconstruct the country in the image of a modern secular, multiethnic, and democratic state. None of these approaches should be used in Afghanistan."

March 2002
Global Petro-Politics: The Foreign Policy Implications of the Bush Administration's Energy Plan
by Michael T. Klare
"The United States cannot increase its intake of foreign oil by 50 percent, as called for under the Bush energy plan, without involving itself in the political, economic, and military affairs of the states from which all this petroleum is expected to flow. This involvement may take financial and diplomatic forms in most cases, but it will also often entail military action."

February 2002
Osama bin Laden as Transnational Revolutionary Leader
by Mark N. Katz
"Although the same ëroot causesí that helped previous transnational revolutionary leaders have also aided Osama bin Laden, he also faces the same obstructing factors they did, and thus his grandiose revolutionary ambitions are failing too."

December 2001
Nasty, Brutish, and Long: America's War on Terrorism
by Ivo H. Daalder and James M. Lindsay
"A critical question as the United States enters this new 'cold war' is whether it has learned the lessons of the last-or whether it is destined to repeat its mistakes."

December 2001
Putting South Asia Back Together Again
by Sumit Ganguly
"Should the United States simply relegate Afghanistan, and South Asia in general, to the outer fringes of its concerns once bin Laden and his acolytes in the Al Qaeda terror network have been either prosecuted or destroyed, Afghanistan could again become a fertile arena for the genesis of other militant Islamist organizations intent on wreaking havoc on the Western world."

December 2001
It's Not About Faith: A Battle for the Soul of the Middle East
by Shibley Telhami
"An infusion of hope is needed in the midst of despair, a supply of ammunition in the war of ideas for those in the region who, deep in their hearts, reject the militants' way, but are sickened even more by their own daily humiliation."

December 2001
The Fourth Wave: September 11 in the History of Terrorism
by David C. Rapoport
"The September 11 attack has created a resolve in America and elsewhere to end terror everywhere. But the history of terror does not inspire much confidence that this determination will be successful."

December 2001
Why America? The Globalization of Civil War
by Martha Crenshaw
"Terrorism should be seen as a strategic reaction to American power in the context of a globalized civil war. Extremist religious beliefs play a role in motivating terrorism, but they also display an instrumental logic."

December 2001
Waging Postindustrial Warfare on the Global Battlefield
by Michael T. Klare
"Much about [September 11], and the larger terror campaign of which it is a part, distinguishes it from similar episodes in the past. This is not the work of a localized insurgency against a particular ruler or authority; it is a global assault on the very structure of modern, Western society."

December 2001
Rethinking Bioterrorism
by Raymond A. Zilinskas
"Security experts have long awaited the combining of terrorism with biological weapons. Throughout the 1990s, many wondered daily why this fusion was not occurring because the two appeared to fit together so well. The anthrax letter terrorism that began in September made this a reality."

November 2001
Preparing for a War on Terrorism
by Jessica Stern
"America's goal must be to prevent future strikes by its enemies. The United States cannot afford to allow an emotional desire for quick retribution to override its long-term national security interests. It would not be difficult to make things worse rather than better."

November 2001
Terror in the Name of God
by Mark Juergensmeyer
"What is striking about the World Trade Center assault and many other recent acts of religious terrorism is that they have no obvious military goal. . . . They are a kind of perverse performance of power meant to ennoble the perpetrators' views of the world and to draw us into their notions of cosmic war."

December 2000
America’s Retreat from Multilateral Engagement
by Stewart Patrick
"Since the end of the cold war, the United States has demonstrated a growing willingness to act alone and to opt out of multilateral initiatives. Whether tiring of its international obligations, preoccupied with domestic concerns, or tempted to exploit its hegemony, the country has in a number of prominent instances withdrawn from collective initiatives, demanded exemptions from global rules, shirked commitments to international organizations, or extended its domestic law extraterritorially."

November 2000
People, Nature, and Ethics
by Paul Wapner
"Environmental abuse is not only about how humans treat the nonhuman world but also about how they treat each other. Whether referring to climate change, threats to biological diversity, nuclear waste, or depleted fish stocks, some people benefit from the environmental abuse, while others disproportionately suffer from the consequences."

November 2000
Why Environmental Ethics Matters to International Relations
by John Barkdull
"Environmental ethics [should] not be seen as an add-on to be approached after the important issues of security and economics have been settled. Instead, we [should] recognize that all our important social choices are inherently about the 'natural' world we create."